从某件事情上得到收获以后,写一篇心得体会,记录下来,这么做可以让我们不断思考不断进步。我们如何才能写得一篇优质的心得体会呢?下面我给大家整理了一些心得体会范文,希望能够帮助到大家。
关于沈阳科技馆调研心得体会和方法一
首先,我告诉大家,注意的变乱。第一,大家要紧跟我身后,没有要走拾了。第两,要在划定的光阴内乱争集开,假如找没有到了,请拨打我的手机。第三,没有要治扔器材,讲卫生。第四,坚持安静,没有要大喊大叫。好了,出收了。
沈阳故宫是中国现存仅次于南京故宫的最完整的皇宫修建。在修建艺术上承袭了中国今代修建的传统,集汉、满、蒙族艺术为一体,具备很高的”"汗青”"以及艺术价格。
大家看,这座占地六万仄方米的今修建群始修于625年,修成于1636年,齐部修建90余所,300余间。清朝入闭后对盛京皇宫又举行了回护以及扩修,到坤隆时基本相成古日规模。
大家看,沈阳故宫那金龙蟠柱的太政殿、崇政殿,排如雁行的十王亭、万宇炕心袋房的清宁宫,今朴典俗的文朔阁,和凤凰楼等高台修建。在中国宫殿修建史上,绝无唯一;那机富满族情调的“宫高殿低”的修建作风,更是“别无分号”。
沈阳老乡内乱争的大街号“井”字形,故宫就设在“井”字形大街的中央,占地6万仄方米,现有今修建114座。次要修建有大政殿,十王亭、大清门、崇政殿、凤凰楼、清宁宫、文溯阁等。大政殿是用去入行诸如揭晓诏书、戎行出征、迎接将士班师以及皇帝即位等大典之处。十王亭则是右左翼王以及八旗大臣干事之处。这种君臣开署干事于宫廷的现象,表现了”"创业”"早期君臣仄等的汗青,也是从打世界到坐世界的君臣仄等的延续。到了进闭后,从南京故宫合始,这种仄等被逐渐突破,最终形成了高高在上的君王。
二端高耸的修建是沈阳故宫里仅有的烟囱。故宫里每一个房间的炕火都从地下的通叙汇聚到这个烟囱里,这是他们金瓯无缺的思想的象征。这个烟囱共有11级,最下面一级只需三块砖构成。导游说,这个金瓯无缺的烟囱反而成了清朝的谶语:清朝共有11位皇帝,最后的宣统帝只作了三年江山,等于那三块砖的预示。想当年努尔哈赤在建修这个金瓯无缺烟囱的时候,假如早知云云,一定会加多几层吧?!
上面,请大家自由观光。三个小时后在这里定时集开。
关于沈阳科技馆调研心得体会和方法二
沈阳故宫是中国现存的两座古代帝王宫殿之一,也是举世仅存的满族风格宫殿建筑群,具有很高的历史价值、文化价值和艺术价值。20__年,联合国教科文组织正式将沈阳故宫列入《世界遗产名录》。
沈阳故宫位于沈阳老城中心,初建时叫“盛京宫阙”,清迁都北京后又称“陪都宫殿”、“留都宫殿”,并被尊为“国初圣迹”。 它始建于1625年(后金天命十年),基本建成于1636年(崇德元年),是清太祖努尔哈赤和太宗皇太极营造和使用过的宫殿。清世祖福临也在这里继位称帝,改元顺治,并于当年入关,统治全国。清王朝入主中原后,康熙、乾隆、嘉庆、道光等皇帝曾先后10次“东巡”盛京祭祖,都到此“恭瞻”,或驻跸处理朝政和举行盛大庆典,并有所扩建。沈阳故宫是清王朝定鼎中原前在东北地区的统治中心,也是清统一全国后东北地区的政治和经济中心。最后完成于1783年(乾隆48年)。
沈阳故宫占地6万多平方米,全部建筑100余所500多间。按其布局分为三部分,即东路、中路和西路。东路建筑为努尔哈赤时期所建,有浓郁的民族特色;中路建筑主要是皇太极时期所建,曾演绎过许多历史故事;西路建筑建于清乾隆年间,以储藏《四库全书》而闻名。
[东路]
沈阳故宫东路建筑主要包括大政殿和十王亭。从建筑形式上看,它们都是“亭子式”建筑,好像11座“帐殿”依次排列在广阔的广场中。这种建筑形式脱胎于女真民族戎马生涯中的帐殿,是游牧民族“帐殿”制在皇宫建筑上的反映。 大政殿俗称八角殿,又叫“大衙门”、“笃恭殿”。它外高18米,是一座八角重檐攒尖顶“亭子式”建筑。大政殿作为17世纪初的建筑杰作,融汇了满、汉、蒙、藏等多民族建筑的艺术风格,是沈阳故宫最著名的建筑之一。
十王亭又称“八旗亭”,在广场两侧呈八字形排开,每边5个。从北自南,东边分别为左翼王亭,镶黄、正白、镶白、正蓝旗亭;西边为右翼王亭,正黄、正红、镶红、镶蓝旗亭。左右翼王亭是当时左右翼王办公的地方。八旗亭是八旗旗主办公的地方,也是在大政殿举行朝会和典礼时各旗官员集结之处。这种建筑形式是以八旗制度为核心的军政体制在宫殿建筑上的反映。(八旗制度是一种军政合一,兵民一体的政治制度)
[中路]
中路的宫殿,中轴线上由南至北依次是大清门、崇政殿、凤凰楼、清宁宫,两侧还有一些对称式的附属建筑。进入大清门,就进入了中路的第一进院落,东有飞龙阁,西有翔凤阁。它们都是两层,为五间九檩硬山式建筑,里面陈列着乾隆东巡时带到沈阳故宫的乐器。
大清门俗称午门,也是就故宫的正门,为五间硬山式建筑,是当时文武群臣侯朝的地方,也是清太宗皇太极接受群臣谢恩之处。当年,明朝著名将领洪承畴、祖大寿等降清后,就是跪在大清门前谢罪和请降,受到皇太极接见的。
崇政殿原名“正殿”,俗称“金銮殿”,崇德元年定名为“崇政殿”,是沈阳故宫中路最重要的建筑。是清太宗皇太极日常处理军政要务、接见外国使臣和边疆少数民族代表的地方。这里曾发生过许多重大历史事件。1636年(天聪十年),皇太极在这里举行登基大典,改国号为“大清”;1644年(顺治元年)清迁都北京后,历代皇帝东巡驻跸期间都要在这里举行谒陵礼成大典。
崇政殿为五间九檩硬山式建筑,它最有特点的地方是殿顶的黄琉璃瓦带绿剪边,现在殿内陈设的是按照乾隆东巡时的面貌设置的。贴金雕龙扇面大屏风和金
龙宝座,是皇权至高无上的象征;
殿外月台上东南角有“日晷”,它是利用太阳的投影和地球自转的原理,借指针所产生的阴影的位置来显示时间的;西南角有“嘉量亭”,它是我国古代的标准量器,含有统一度量衡的意义,象征国家的统一和强盛。月台上还有四口大缸,都盛满清水以防火灾。古代称它们是“门海”,象征缸中水多似海,可镇火灾,所以又称“吉祥缸”。
眼前这座建筑就是凤凰楼,处于“前朝后寝”的中间,建在3.8米高的青砖台基上,是一座三层歇山式建筑,原名叫翔凤楼,是皇太极休息、宴会和读书之所。清入关后,曾用以存放帝王的画像、行乐图及清初皇帝的玉玺。凤凰楼正门上方悬挂的“紫气东来”金字横匾,是乾隆皇帝的御笔,意识是大清朝国力强盛的福气是从东方的盛京来的,表达了清代皇帝对祖先创业之地的顶礼膜拜。下层的门洞是连接台上、台下的通道。凤凰楼既是后宫的大门,又是当时盛京最高的建筑,所以有“凤楼晓日”、“凤楼观塔”等传称,并被列为盛京八景之一。 第三进院落南起凤凰楼,北至清宁宫,东西各有二宫,是一组典型的北方四合院建筑。这就是皇太极的后宫,为皇太极和后妃们的住所。
清宁宫原叫“正宫”,为五间硬山式前后廊式建筑,是沈阳故宫中最具满族住宅特色的建筑。东一间是皇太极和孝端文皇后博尔及吉特氏的寝宫,称“暖阁”;寝宫分为南北两室,各有火炕,又称“龙床”。1643年(崇德八年)皇太极就在南炕上“端坐无疾而终”,终年52岁,后葬于昭陵。西侧三间通连,北、西、南三面搭成相连的环炕,称为“万字炕”,是帝后日常饮食起居及会见、宴请亲眷的厅堂。门开在东面第二间南面,形如口袋,称为“口袋房”。清宁宫的烟囱在清宁宫的后面,从地面垒砌,略低于房脊,从正面看不见,非常的有特点,一会绕过去就能看到。其“口袋房、万字炕、烟囱出在地面上”的布局,反映了满族民居独特的建筑风格。
索伦干在清宁宫正门前的庭院南端,满族人称它为“神杆”。木杆下方上圆,底部镶有石座,顶端安有锡斗,全部用红漆涂染。它是满族人用来祭天用的。祭天时,在锡斗内放上五谷杂粮或猪的杂碎,以敬乌鸦,这反映了满族萨满教的灵禽崇拜观念,据说也和乌鸦救主的观念有关。
清宁宫两侧的东西配宫,都是皇太极和妃子们的居住之所。东配宫有关雎宫,衍庆宫,西配宫有麟趾宫和永福宫。四宫中以永福宫最为著名,1638年(崇德三年),清世祖福临就出生在永福宫。
[西路]
沈阳故宫西路是为了适应皇帝东巡的需要而增建的一组建筑,主要有文溯阁、戏台、嘉荫堂和仰熙斋,套院相接,多而不乱,有较浓的文化气息。
文溯阁建于1781年(乾隆四十六年)至1783年(乾隆四十八年),为西路建筑中的主体建筑,是仿照明代浙江宁波大藏书家范钦的“天一阁”修建的,专门用来收藏乾隆时期的编撰的大型图书《四库全书》,也是全国存放《四库全书》的著名七阁之一。阁名是乾隆钦定的,因位于其“祖宗发祥之地”盛京,所起取“溯源求本”之意名为“文溯阁”。《四库全书》分经、史、子、集四大部,结构严谨,是我国古典文献中的珍贵遗产,对弘扬和传播民族文化具有重要意义。《四库全书》共缮写7部,其中一部就藏在“文溯阁”。1966年10月,基于备战考虑,辽宁省将《四库全书》等秘密运至兰州,有移交到甘肃省图书馆保存。 文溯阁是硬山式建筑,面阔6间,外面看是重檐2层,在里面看则是3层,明显带有江南建筑的风格样式。与沈阳故宫的其它建筑不同,文溯阁顶盖上用的
是黑琉璃瓦绿剪边,这在沈阳故宫中是独一无二的。根据五行八卦之说,和代表水,书最忌火,以黑瓦为顶象征以水克火之意。
文溯阁后为仰熙斋,是皇帝读书之所。阁前宫门外有嘉荫堂,左右有出廊,南面有戏台,是乾隆、嘉庆时期皇帝东巡赏戏的场所。
关于沈阳科技馆调研心得体会和方法三
北陵又称清昭陵是清朝第二代开国君主太宗皇太极以及孝端文皇后博乐济吉特氏的陵墓,占地面积 16万平方米,是清初“关外三陵”中规模最大、气势最宏伟的一座。位于沈阳(盛京)古城北约十华里,因此也称“北陵”,是清代皇家陵寝和现代园林合一的游览胜地。园内古松参天,草木葱茏,湖水荡漾,楼殿威严,金瓦夺目,充分显示出皇家陵园的雄伟、壮丽和现代园林的清雅、秀美。昭陵除了葬有帝后外,还葬有关睢宫宸妃、麟趾宫贵妃、洐庆宫淑妃等一批后妃佳丽,是清初关外陵寝中最具代表性的一座帝陵,是我国现存最完整的古代帝王陵墓建筑之一。
昭陵始建于清崇德八年(1643年),至顺治八年(1651年)基本建成,后历经多次改建和增修而呈现现在的规模。陵寝建筑的平面布局遵循“前朝后寝”的陵寝原则自南向北由前、中、后三个部分组成,其主体建筑都建在中轴线上,两侧对称排列,系仿自明朝皇陵而又具有满族陵寝的特点。
昭陵全陵占地18万平方米,共分三大部分。由南至北依次为:前部,从下马碑到正红门,包括华表、石狮、石牌坊、更衣厅、宰牲厅;中部,从正红门到方城,包括华表、石象生、碑楼和祭祀用房;后部,是方城、月牙城和宝城,这是陵寝的主体。
方城正门称为隆恩门,上有门楼。方城四角有角楼。方城内有隆恩殿、东西配殿、东西晾果房和焚帛亭。隆恩殿后面有二柱门、石五供和券洞门,券洞顶端是大明楼。方城之后是月牙城和宝城,在宝城中心,上为宝顶,下为地宫。宝城后面是隆业山,登山俯视,陵园风光可尽收眼底。
昭陵前部在缭墙外,参道两侧有华表、石狮、更衣亭等,而正中是牌楼。牌楼是前部主体建筑,系青石建成,四柱三层,雕刻得玲珑剔透,精美无双,为罕见的艺术珍品。游罢牌楼,即可至正红门,这是游中部的开始。正红门为缭墙的正南门,层楼高耸,十分庄严,而其两翼所装饰的五色琉璃蟠龙壁,因造形生动,更引人注目。正红门内的参道两旁,有华表、石兽和大望柱,它们两两相对。既整饬又肃穆。石兽中最值得欣赏的是"大白"和"小白"。这两匹石马形象逼真,栩栩若生,据说是以墓主生前最爱骑的两匹骏马为原型雕琢而成。欣赏罢石马,即可至碑亭。碑亭与正红门相对,为颂扬墓主而建,里面所竖碑称"昭陵神功圣德碑"。
出碑亭即至隆恩门。隆恩门是方城的正南门,与碑亭相对。方城为后部,它建造得如同城池一般,位于缭墙,仿佛是城中之城。游方城先要游隆恩殿。隆恩殿居于方城中心,前有隆恩门,后有明楼,左右有配殿,四隅有角楼,犹如众星拱月一般,故显得异常雄伟。隆恩殿以雕刻精美的花岗岩台阶为底座,以金光闪闪的黄琉璃瓦为屋顶,再加上画栋雕梁、金匾红墙,故又显得异常华丽。隆恩殿后经过明楼,即可至宝城。宝城在方城北端,为月牙形。宝城又称宝顶,其下即地宫,安置着墓主夫妇的棺椁和陪葬品。登上宝顶,向四下一望,绿树环合,景色清幽,宛若置身于城市山林中,一种恬适之感油然而生。
民国十六年五月(1920xx年),以陵寝为中心辟为“北陵公园”,如今占地面积332万平方米。其总体规划是以陵寝为中心,分陵寝、陵前和陵后三部分。园内的自然景观千姿百态,五彩缤纷,其中芳秀园是北陵公园的园中园,总面积4万平方米,种植了近 200种植物,四季分呈,各具特色。初春樱花盛开,满园飘香;盛夏荷花竞放,柳浪闻莺;深秋满山红叶,层林尽染;寒冬银装素裹,苍松挺拔。纵观整个园林,春有花,夏有阴,秋有果,冬有青,奇花异石,小桥流水,颇有江南之秀。园内建筑与景观巧妙结合,用中国传统园林建筑艺术将自然美和人工美合为一体,构成了一幅天然画卷,吸引大量的中外游客来此参观。北陵公园拥有30万平方米的人工湖水面,夏天碧波荡漾,柳岸成荫,乘坐脚踏船、快艇观光游玩,泛舟湖上,别有一番情趣。现在北陵公园已是闻名中外的旅游景区。现为国家重点文物保护单位。
参观罢隆恩殿,经过明楼,即可至宝城。宝城在方城北端,为月牙形。宝城又称宝顶,其下即地宫,安置着墓主夫妇的棺椁和陪葬品。登上宝顶,向四下一望,绿树环合,景色清幽,宛若置身于城市山林中,一种恬适之感油然而生。现在昭陵已辟为北陵公园。
昭陵的另一特色是漫漫数里的古松群。现存古松二千余棵,松龄达三百多年,摇曳挺拔,参天敝日。这些苍翠的陵松在金瓦红墙中构成昭陵又一壮丽景观,其中的“神树”、“凤凰树”、“夫妻树”、“姐妹树”、“龟树”等更是别具特色。
沈阳昭陵古老的历史、神秘的皇陵、千姿百态的自然景观,成为数以万计的中外游客为之心旷神怡、流连忘返的浏览胜地,亦成为世界各国人民了解中国、了解沈阳的窗口.
zhao mausoleum called clear zhaoling is the second generation of the founding emperor qing dynasty emperor taizong huang taiji and filial piety end wen queen bo le dhi corp's tomb, covers an area of 160000 square meters, is the largest "commissioner of three ling" at the beginning of the qing dynasty, imposing manner is the most magnificent one. located in the ancient city of shenyang (shengjing) nato ten li, so also known as "zhao mausoleum", is in the qing dynasty royal mausoleum and the resort of the unity of modern landscape architecture. garden ancient pine trees towering, grass green, lake water ripples, and building the temple, watts, fully shows the royal tombs of the majestic, magnificent, and the modern garden of elegant and beautiful. zhaoling besides buried with emperor after, also buried the have no opinion of gongchen princess, 'toe gongguifei, 洐 gongshufei etc. a batch of empresses beauty, is the most representative in the mausoleum of the commissioner of the qing dynasty of the mausoleum of hadrian, is our country one of the most complete existing ancient imperial mausoleum building.
zhaoling mausoleum was built in the qing chong de eight years (in 1643), to shunzhi eight years (1651 years) basic completion of after reconstruction and labour market and present it with many times the size of the now. mausoleum building layout follow lay after the "power" of the catacombs principle from south to north by the before, during and after the three parts, the main buildings are built on the central axis, symmetrically arranged on both sides, is imitated from the tomb of the ming dynasty and has the characteristics of the manchu mausoleum.
zhaoling mausoleum all covers an area of 180000 square meters, is pided into three parts. from south to north in the order: the front, from the horse monuments to the red door, including huabiao, stone lions, stone memorial arch, change clothes, slaughter hall hall; central, from red gate to mahjong layout, including huabiao, stone animal, monuments, buildings and buildings for sacrifice; back, is a mahjong layout, crescent city and city, this is the body of the mausoleum.
mahjong layout called long gate, main entrance on the gate house. mahjong layout has four corners watchtower. mahjong layout inside the long house, things peidian peidian, things dry fruit room and burn silks. long behind the surface there are two columns and door, five for david and vouchers, coupons hole at the top is daming. after mahjong layout is the crescent city and city, in the city, to treasure top, for dungeons. treasure mountain city is long behind industry, mountain climbing, cemetery landscape panoramic view.
zhao lingqian in sheet wall, went on both sides of the pavilion have huabiao, shishi, change clothes, etc., and the middle is arched. arch is the front of the main body construction, bluestone, four pillars three layers, carving exquisite, elegant, is a rare art treasures. swim alone arched, then to red gate, this is the beginning of the tour in central. is red door for sheet wall is the south gate, storeys tall, very solemn, and its two wings adornment coloured glaze is panlong wall, because of the shape and vivid, more conspicuous. is red and went up on both sides of the door, huabiao, stone and large column, they two relatively. slash and solemn. the beast is the most admirable in "white" and "white". the two stone horse horse image lifelike, as if, in love ride two horses were alive as the prototype carve. appreciate the stone horse ", then to the pavilion. pavilion and was relatively red door, to celebrate were built, inside the vertical tablet called "zhaoling alkaloids in san de tablet".
the pavilion is to long. long the door is mahjong layout is the south gate, as opposed to a pavilion. mahjong layout for the back, as it has built the city, is located in the sheet wall, asing if is a city within a city. to travel to swim long temple city first. long temple in mahjong layout center, and have long before the door, after the ming building, about peidian peidian, four corner has turrets, like month, so it was extremely ambitious. long temple carved granite steps as base, with golden yellow glazed tile roof, coupled with the painted carved beams, jinbian red walls, so it is extremely magnificent. long stay behind after ming building, you can treasure. treasure city in the northern end of the mahjong layout, as crescent. city is also called the treasure treasure top, namely dungeons underneath, and placed the coffins were couples and interred. , looking on treasure top, looked round, green trees and cyclization, beautiful scenery, like the trees in the city, a ease feeling arises spontaneously.
sixteen years of the republic of china (1927) in may, bi is "zhao mausoleum park" for the center with mausoleum, now covers an area of 3.32 million square meters. centered on the overall planning of tomb, tomb, lingqian and ling after three parts. campus beautiful natural scenery, colorful, aromatic show garden is the yuanzhongyuan zhao mausoleum park, a total area of 40000 square meters, planted nearly 200 kinds of plants, four points are, each has its own characteristics. early spring cherry blossom in full bloom, garden fragrance; a new summer lotus, the willows; late autumn full mountain red leaves, cenglinjinran; winter snow mountains, pine and forceful. across the garden, spring flowers, summer has yin, autumn fruit, winter green, strange flowers, stone bridges, there is quite a show of jiangnan. campus architecture and landscape clever union, with chinese traditional garden architecture combines natural beauty and artificial beauty as a whole, constitute a natural landscape, attract a large number of tourists to visit. zhao mausoleum park has 300000 square meters of artificial lake water, rippling in summer, life in suzhou as the shadow, a pedal boat, the boat for sightseeing, boating on the lake, don't have a taste. is now zhao mausoleum park is a world-famous tourist scenic spot. now the national key cultural relics protection units.
visit long temple ", after the ming building, you can treasure. treasure city in the northern end of the mahjong layout, as crescent. city is also called the treasure treasure top, namely dungeons underneath, and placed the coffins were couples and interred. , looking on treasure top, looked round, green trees and cyclization, beautiful scenery, like the trees in the city, a ease feeling arises spontaneously. now zhaoling has warded zhao mausoleum park.
another feature of zhaoling is boundless example in several groups. existing ancient pine trees more than two thousand, more than three hundred years old, tall and straight, swaying towering our day. these green ling loose in its golden tiles zhaoling and composed a magnificent landscape, one of the "making", "flame", "husband and wife tree", "sisters" trees, "turtle tree" is distinctive, etc.
shenyang zhaoling ancient history, mysterious tomb, beautiful natural landscape, as tens of thousands of chinese and foreign visitors find the scenery pleasing to both the eye and the mind, linger for browsing resort, also become the window of the people all over the world understand china, know about shenyang.
关于沈阳科技馆调研心得体会和方法四
清昭陵现为国家重点文物保护单位,并于20__年7月1日与沈阳故宫、沈阳福陵和抚顺永陵,经第28届世界遗产委员会会议表决通过,正式列入世界遗产名录。
昭陵始建于清崇德八年(1643年)至顺治八年(1651年)基本建成,后历经多次改建和增修而呈现现在的规模。陵寝建筑的平面布局遵循“前朝后寝”的陵寝原则自南向北由前、中、后三个部分组成,其主体建筑都建在中轴线上,两侧对称排列,系仿自明朝皇陵而又具有满族陵寝的特点。
昭陵全陵占地18万平方米,共分三大部分。由南至北依次为:前部,从下马碑到正红门,包括华表、石狮、石牌坊、更衣厅、宰牲厅。;中部,从正红门到方城,包括华表、石象生、碑楼和祭祀用房。;后部,是方城、月牙城和宝城,这是陵寝的主体。
方城正门称为隆恩门,上有门楼。方城四角有角楼。方城内有隆恩殿、东西配殿、东西晾果房和焚帛亭。隆恩殿后面有二柱门、石五供和券洞门,券洞顶端是大明楼。方城之后是月牙城和宝清昭陵城,在宝城中心,上为宝顶,下为地宫。宝城后面是隆业山,登山俯视,陵园风光可尽收眼底。
游昭陵时,先游前部。前部在缭墙外,参道两侧有华表、石狮、更衣亭等,而正中是牌楼。牌楼是前部主体建筑,系青石建成,四柱三层,雕刻得玲珑剔透,精美无双,为罕见的艺术珍品。游罢牌楼,即可至正红门,这是游中部的开始。正红门为缭墙的正南门,层楼高耸,十分庄严,而其两翼所装饰的五色琉璃蟠龙壁,因造形生动,更引人注目。正红门内的参道两旁,有华表、石兽和大望柱,它们两两相对。既整饬又肃穆。石兽中最值得欣赏的是"大白"和"小白"。这两匹石马形象逼真,栩栩若生,据说是以墓主生前最爱骑的两匹骏马为原型雕琢而成。欣赏罢石马,即可至碑亭。碑亭与正红门相对,为颂扬墓主而建,里面所竖碑称"昭陵神功圣德碑"。
出碑亭即至隆恩门。隆恩门是方城的正南门,与碑亭相对。方城为后部,它建造得如同城池一般,位于缭墙,仿佛是城中之城。游方城先要游隆恩殿。隆恩殿居于方城中心,前有隆恩门,后有明楼,左右有配殿,四隅有角楼,犹如众星拱月一般,故显得异常雄伟。隆恩殿以雕刻精美的花岗清昭陵岩台阶为底座,以金光闪闪的黄琉璃瓦为屋顶,再加上画栋雕梁、金匾红墙,故又显得异常华丽。
参观罢隆恩殿,经过明楼,即可至宝城。宝城在方城北端,为月牙形。宝城又称宝顶,其下即地宫,安置着墓主夫妇的棺椁和陪葬品。登上宝顶,向四下一望,绿树环合,景色清幽,宛若置身于城市山林中,一种恬适之感油然而生。现在昭陵已辟为北陵公园。
昭陵的另一特色是漫漫数里的古松群。现存古松二千余棵,松龄达三百多年,摇曳挺拔,参天敝日。这些苍翠的陵松在金瓦红墙中构成昭陵又一壮丽景观,其中的“神树”、“凤凰树”、“夫妻树”、“姐妹树”、“龟树”等更是别具特色。
民国十六年五月(1927年),以陵寝为中心辟为“北陵公园”,如今占地面积330万平方米。其总体规划是以陵寝为中心,分陵寝、陵前和陵后三部分。园内的自然景观千姿百态,五彩缤纷,其中芳秀园是北陵公园的园中园,总面积4万平方米,种植了近200种植物,四季分呈,各具特色。初春樱花盛开,满园飘香;盛夏荷花竞放,柳浪闻莺;深秋满山红叶,层林尽染;寒冬银装素裹,苍松挺拔。纵观整个园林,春有花,夏有阴,秋有果,冬有青,奇花异石,小桥流水,颇有江南之秀。园内建筑与景观巧妙结合,用中国传统园林建筑艺术将自然美和人工美合为一体,构成了一幅天然画卷,吸引大量的中外游客来此参观。北陵公园拥有30万平方米的人工湖水面,夏天碧波荡漾,柳岸成荫,乘坐脚踏船、快艇观光游玩,泛舟湖上,别有一番情趣。
clear zhaoling now for the national key cultural relics protection unit, and on july 1, 20__ and the imperial palace in shenyang, shenyang fu mausoleum and fushun ling, after a vote by the 28th world heritage committee meeting, on the world heritage list.
zhaoling mausoleum was built in the qing chong de eight years (1643 years) to shunzhi eight years (1651 years) basic completion, after repeated after rebuilding and labour market and the size of the present now. mausoleum building layout follow lay after the "power" of the catacombs principle from south to north by the before, during and after the three parts, the main buildings are built on the central axis, symmetrically arranged on both sides, is imitated from the tomb of the ming dynasty and has the characteristics of the manchu mausoleum.
zhaoling mausoleum all covers an area of 180000 square meters, is pided into three parts. from south to north in the order: the front, from the horse monuments to the red door, including huabiao, stone lions, stone arches, change clothes, slaughter hall hall. ; the middle, from the red door to mahjong layout, including huabiao, stone animal, stone floor, and sacrifice to occupancy. ; back, is a mahjong layout, crescent city and city, this is the body of the mausoleum.
mahjong layout called long gate, main entrance on the gate house. mahjong layout has four corners watchtower. mahjong layout inside the long house, things peidian peidian, things dry fruit room and burn silks. long behind the surface there are two columns and door, five for david and vouchers, coupons hole at the top is daming. after mahjong layout is the crescent city and baoqing zhaoling city, in the city, to treasure top, for dungeons. treasure mountain city is long behind industry, mountain climbing, cemetery landscape panoramic view.
the front of zhaoling swim, swim first. front sheet wall, went on both sides of the pavilion have huabiao, shishi, change clothes, etc., and the middle is arched. arch is the front of the main body construction, bluestone, four pillars three layers, carving exquisite, elegant, is a rare art treasures. swim alone arched, then to red gate, this is the beginning of the tour in central. is red door for sheet wall is the south gate, storeys tall, very solemn, and its two wings adornment coloured glaze is panlong wall, because of the shape and vivid, more conspicuous. is red and went up on both sides of the door, huabiao, stone and large column, they two relatively. slash and solemn. the beast is the most admirable in "white" and "white". the two stone horse horse image lifelike, as if, in love ride two horses were alive as the prototype carve. appreciate the stone horse ", then to the pavilion. pavilion and was relatively red door, to celebrate were built, inside the vertical tablet called "zhaoling alkaloids in san de tablet".
the pavilion is to long. long the door is mahjong layout is the south gate, as opposed to a pavilion. mahjong layout for the back, as it has built the city, is located in the sheet wall, asing if is a city within a city. to travel to swim long temple city first. long temple in mahjong layout center, and have long before the door, after the ming building, about peidian peidian, four corner has turrets, like month, so it was extremely ambitious. with beautifully carved granite qing long temple zhaoling is base rock steps, with golden yellow glazed tile roof, coupled with the painted carved beams, jinbian red walls, so it is extremely magnificent.
visit long temple ", after the ming building, you can treasure. treasure city in the northern end of the mahjong layout, as crescent. city is also called the treasure treasure top, namely dungeons underneath, and placed the coffins were couples and interred. , looking on treasure top, looked round, green trees and cyclization, beautiful scenery, like the trees in the city, a ease feeling arises spontaneously. now zhaoling has warded zhao mausoleum park.
another feature of zhaoling is boundless example in several groups. existing ancient pine trees more than two thousand, more than three hundred years old, tall and straight, swaying towering our day. these green ling loose in its golden tiles zhaoling and composed a magnificent landscape, one of the "making", "flame", "husband and wife tree", "sisters" trees, "turtle tree" is distinctive, etc.
sixteen years of the republic of china (1927) in may, bi is "zhao mausoleum park" for the center with mausoleum, now covers an area of 3.3 million square meters. centered on the overall planning of tomb, tomb, lingqian and ling after three parts. campus beautiful natural scenery, colorful, aromatic show garden is the yuanzhongyuan zhao mausoleum park, a total area of 40000 square meters, planted nearly 200 kinds of plants, four points are, each has its own characteristics. early spring cherry blossom in full bloom, garden fragrance; a new summer lotus, the willows; late autumn full mountain red leaves, cenglinjinran; winter snow mountains, pine and forceful. across the garden, spring flowers, summer has yin, autumn fruit, winter green, strange flowers, stone bridges, there is quite a show of jiangnan. campus architecture and landscape clever union, with chinese traditional garden architecture combines natural beauty and artificial beauty as a whole, constitute a natural landscape, attract a large number of tourists to visit. zhao mausoleum park has 300000 square meters of artificial lake water, rippling in summer, life in suzhou as the shadow, a pedal boat, the boat for sightseeing, boating on the lake, don't have a taste.
关于沈阳科技馆调研心得体会和方法五
大家好!首先请允许我代表沈阳市全体市民对各位的到来表示热烈欢迎!今天我为大家介绍的就是沈阳的风景名胜之一的沈阳故宫。
沈阳故宫占地6万多平方米,有楼台殿阁各式建筑70余座,由20多个院落组成,总计房屋300多间。故宫按自然布局分为中路、东路和西路三部分。
中路:是太宗皇太极时期的大内宫阙。南端是大清门,也是故宫的正门。向北依次是崇政殿、凤凰褛、清宁宫,它们都排列在一条中轴线上,两侧还有一些对称式的附属建筑。
大清门是日常朝会时文武大臣侯朝的地方,也是清太宗接受群臣谢恩之处。明朝著名将领洪承畴降清后,就从此门进入,受到皇太极的接见。大清门东侧这处建筑叫祖庙,祖庙是爱新觉罗家族祭祀祖先的地方,因是天子的祖庙也称太庙。
崇政殿前,东西各有五间厢楼,东为飞龙阁,西为翔凤阁。殿后是一个院落,院正北有一座高约4米的高台,台上是皇太极极其后妃的寝区。沿台阶走上去便是一座金碧辉煌的高楼----凤凰楼。它的原名叫翔凤楼,直到1743年才有凤凰楼之称。凤凰楼是清宁宫的门户,也是皇帝策划军政大事和宴筵之所。它与崇政殿同期建成,康熙二十年重修。楼为三层,是三滴水式建筑。每层深广各三间,周围有回廊,下层的门洞是联络台上台下的道。风凰楼既是后宫的大门,又是整个宫殿建筑的制高点。在楼上观看日出,极为美妙。所以凤楼晓日、凤楼观塔是沈城著名的景观。凤凰楼正门上额的紫气东来金字横匾是乾隆皇帝的御笔。
清宁宫两侧是东西配宫,东配宫有关雎宫、衍庆宫;西配宫有麟趾宫和永福宫。东西配宫均为皇太极和妃子们居住之所。清宁宫西北角有一根由地面垒起,低于屋背的烟囱,人们从正面是看不见的。从清宁宫这一系列建筑中,我们可以发现沈阳故宫的两大建筑特点:一是保存了浓厚的满族特色即口袋房、万字炕、烟囱竖在地面上。二是宫高殿低,清宁宫及其四所配宫均高于皇帝议政的崇政殿和东路的大政殿。这是因为清朝夺取政权前,满族是一个牧猎民族,受生活习惯的影响,把居住的地方建在高处,以防野兽和洪水的侵袭。这与北京故宫恰好相反。
清宁宫高台之后是后苑,也叫御花园,内有碾磨房、二十八间仓、后宰门等建筑,是皇帝膳食的供给区。并有地下窨道与清宁宫相通。
在崇政殿、清宁宫高台两侧有东所、西所。东所由南往北依次是颐和殿、介祉宫、敬典阁等。东所是东巡时皇帝后妃给太后请安之处,也皇太后的寝宫和存放实录、玉牒之处;西所由南往北依次是迪光殿、保极殿、继恩斋和崇谟阁等。西所是东巡时皇帝、后妃及子女居住的地方和存放《圣训》、《满文老档》的地方。崇谟阁的建筑形式是别具一格的,它为卷棚式建筑,是在清乾隆年间增建的。
东路是以大政殿为主体,两侧辅以方亭十座,称十王亭。大政殿建于努尔哈赤时期,是故宫最早期八角重檐大木架亭子式建筑。大政殿下是高约1.5米的须弥座式台基,周围绕以雕刻精细的荷叶净瓶青石雕。殿身八面均有斧头眼式隔扇门,内外排柱40根,正门前有双龙蟠柱。殿顶是十六道五彩琉璃脊,正中是宝瓶火焰珠。殿内有精致的斗拱、藻井天花,梁架上用和玺彩绘,上有黄琉璃瓦绿剪边的顶盖。整个建筑显示出极强的美感和庄严秀丽的装饰艺术情趣。大政殿是皇帝举行大型庆典的地方,1643年清世祖福临在此即位。
关于沈阳科技馆调研心得体会和方法六
各位朋友,欢迎大家来到沈阳,我是你们的导游,沈梦,大家可以叫我沈导游,也可以叫我梦导,我更喜欢你们加我梦导,好了,先简答给大家介绍一下,在繁华的沈阳古城中心,有一座巍峨庄严的清代宫殿建筑群。就是我们今天的目的地——沈阳故宫。
依建筑时间和布局,沈阳故宫的建筑可分为三部分,它们分别是东路、中路、西路。今天,我们就按这个顺序。首先参观东路建筑。
沈阳故宫以其独特的建筑艺术和特殊的历史而闻名中外,在这片绚丽多彩,雄伟多姿的建筑群中,最古老,最具特色的就是我们面前的大政殿。
大政殿草创于1625年,是处理国家政务和举行庆典活动的主要场所之一。作为最早使用和最为重要的宫殿之一。许多重大历史事件都以大政殿为舞台上演。
大清门是沈阳故宫的正门,为皇帝临朝前,文武百官候朝的地方。它便是演义小说中俗称的“午朝门”。大清门的屋顶满铺黄琉璃瓦并衬以绿色剪边,既保留了以黄为尊的传统观念,又体现了满族对故乡山林的深厚眷念。从而形成了区别北京故宫的一个特点——宫殿顶覆以黄琉璃瓦镶以绿色剪边。
穿过大清门,北望便是崇政殿。崇政殿俗称“金銮殿”,是清太宗皇太极举行日常朝会的地方。
各位朋友,古代宫殿建筑布局讲究“前朝后寝”。看过了皇帝上朝的金銮殿,请大家随我去参观帝后的寝宫。
凤凰楼为宴饮、议事之所,是当年沈阳城的最高建筑,诗称“欲穷千里目,更上一层楼”可谓十分贴切。登上凤凰楼俯瞰四周,万般景物尽收眼底,可饱览盛京全景,也可观赏日出。“凤楼晓日”是当年著名的盛京八景之一。
各位朋友,穿过凤凰楼底层的通道后,我们就进入了后妃居住的台上五官。 台上五官是清宁宫、关雎宫、麟趾宫、衍庆宫、永福宫。
现在请大家随我参观皇太极和皇后的寝宫——清宁宫。
清宁宫东梢门称“暖阁”,是帝后的卧室。暖阁内分南北二室,二室均设火炕。1643年八月初九,皇太极在暖阁内驾崩,终年52岁,后葬于沈阳昭陵,即北陵。
各位朋友,现在请随我去参观西路建筑。西路建于1782年至1783年,主要包括:戏台、嘉荫堂、文溯阁等。
说起文溯阁,我们不能不提到乾隆皇帝和《四库全书》。出于加强文化统治的需要,乾隆皇帝于1772年下诏访求天下藏书,历经十余年时间编成一部大型丛书。该书分经、史、子、集四部,所以称为《四库全书》。书修成后,抄录七部,在全国建七座藏书阁分别收藏,沈阳故宫的文溯阁便是其中之一。
看到这里,我们今天的参观已经接近尾声。望故宫之行能给您留下美好的回忆。
关于沈阳科技馆调研心得体会和方法七
各位朋友,欢迎大家来到沈阳,我是你们的导游,沈梦,大家能够叫我沈导游,也能够叫我梦导,我更喜欢你们加我梦导,好了,先简答给大家介绍一下,在繁华的沈阳古城中心,有一座巍峨庄严的清代宫殿建筑群。就是我们这天的目的地——沈阳故宫。
依建筑时光和布局,沈阳故宫的建筑可分为三部分,它们分别是东路、中路、西路。这天,我们就按这个顺序。首先参观东路建筑。
沈阳故宫以其独特的建筑艺术和特殊的历史而闻名中外,在这片绚丽多彩,雄伟多姿的建筑群中,最古老,最具特色的就是我们面前的大政殿。
大政殿草创于1620xx年,是处理国家政务和举行庆典活动的主要场所之一。接下来作为最早使用和最为重要的宫殿之一。许多重大历史事件都以大政殿为舞台上演。
大清门是沈阳故宫的正门,为皇帝临朝前,文武百官候朝的地方。它便是演义小说中俗称的“午朝门”。大清门的屋顶满铺黄琉璃瓦并衬以绿色剪边,既保留了以黄为尊的传统观念,又体现了满族对故乡山林的深厚眷念。从而构成了区别北京故宫的一个特点——宫殿顶覆以黄琉璃瓦镶以绿色剪边。
穿过大清门,北望便是崇政殿。崇政殿俗称“金銮殿”,是清太宗皇太极举行日常朝会的地方。
各位朋友,古代宫殿建筑布局讲究“前朝后寝”。看过了皇帝上朝的金銮殿,请大家随我去参观帝后的寝宫。
凤凰楼为宴饮、议事之所,是当年沈阳城的最高建筑,诗称“欲穷千里目,更上一层楼”可谓十分贴切。登上凤凰楼俯瞰四周,万般景物尽收眼底,可饱览盛京全景,也可观赏日出。“凤楼晓日”是当年著名的盛京八景之一。
各位朋友,穿过凤凰楼底层的通道后,然后是我们就进入了后妃居住的台上五官。台上五官是清宁宫、关雎宫、麟趾宫、衍庆宫、永福宫。
此刻请大家随我参观皇太极和皇后的寝宫——清宁宫。
清宁宫东梢门称“暖阁”,是帝后的卧室。暖阁内分南北二室,二室均设火炕。1643年八月初九,皇太极在暖阁内驾崩,终年52岁,后葬于沈阳昭陵,即北陵。
各位朋友,此刻请随我去参观西路建筑。西路建于1782年至1783年,主要包括:戏台、嘉荫堂、文溯阁等。
说起文溯阁,我们不能不提到乾隆皇帝和《四库全书》。接下来出于加强文化统治的需要,乾隆皇帝于1772年下诏访求天下藏书,历经十余年时光编成一部大型丛书。该书分经、史、子、集四部,所以称为《四库全书》。书修成后,抄录七部,在全国建七座藏书阁分别收藏,接下来是沈阳故宫的文溯阁便是其中之一。
看到那里,我们这天的参观已经接近尾声。接下了是望故宫之行能给您留下完美的回忆。
关于沈阳科技馆调研心得体会和方法八
各位游客大家好,
我们此次游览的景点是世界文化遗产、国家 4a级景区、国家重点文物保护单位——沈阳故宫。首先呢,我们一起来看一下沈阳故宫的平面图。
沈阳故宫始建于公元1625年。先后经过三次大规模建设,形成了东、中、西三路格局。东路建立于清太祖努尔哈赤时期,主要建筑是大政殿和十王庭;中路建于清太宗皇太极时期,主要的建筑是大清门、崇政殿、凤凰楼、清宁宫;西路呢,建于清乾隆年间,主要建筑是戏台、嘉荫堂、文溯阁和仰熙斋,它因存放《四库全书》而闻名。那么作为我国现存最完好的两座古代帝王宫殿之一呢,沈阳故宫与北京故宫遥相呼应,却又有着截然不同的建筑风格。现在呢我们就来领略一下昔日皇宫的风采。
首先我们看到的是中路建筑的大清门,它俗称午门,也就是沈阳故宫的正门。是当时文武群臣候朝的地方,也是清太宗皇太极接受群臣谢恩之处。那么这座门为什么叫做大清门呢?正统的说法是清朝的国号为清,皇宫的正门就是国门,所以称为大清门。还有一个传说,这座木门呢在建成之后呢并没有名称,只是叫做大门。后来,皇太极改国号为大清,听说北京明朝皇宫的宫门叫大明门,于是为了体现针锋相对,就将此门命名为大清门。
我们穿过大清门,现在正面的建筑就是崇政殿。崇政殿原名“正殿”,俗称金銮殿。崇德元年定名为崇政殿。它是皇太极日常处理军政要务、接见外国使臣和边疆少数民族代表的地方。
我们可以看到崇政殿为五间九檩硬山式建筑,殿顶铺黄琉璃瓦,镶绿剪边,那么请各位游客注意的是殿顶的琉璃瓦,有去过北京故宫的朋友一定会清楚地记得北京故宫的琉璃瓦是黄色的,而沈阳的琉璃瓦是黄色镶绿剪边。那么这是沈阳故宫与北京故宫的重要差别之一。
我们走上月台。那么在月台两侧分别有用于计时的日晷,和用于存放标准计量单位的嘉量亭。我们看到在月台上呢还设有四口大缸,那么大家知道它们是做什么用的吗?那我告诉大家吧,他叫做“吉祥缸”古代称它是“门海”,是皇宫中重要的防火设施,象征缸中水多似海,可以镇火灾。
我们走上须弥座。抬头看上方的牌匾是用满文和汉文书写的“崇政殿”。请游客看左边的满文,我们有个形象的比喻“中间一根棍,两边都是刺,加上圈和点,就是满文字儿”。那么沈阳故宫的牌匾都是满文在左,汉文在右。而北京故宫的牌匾都是汉文在左,满文在右。那么这是沈阳故宫与北京故宫的差别之二。
我们抬头看崇政殿内上方悬挂的“正大光明”匾额,是由顺治皇帝手谕的。下面呢是皇帝的宝座,据说宝座上绘制雕刻有8条金龙,再加上坐在宝座上的真龙天子,正好是中国古代最大的阳数九条龙。现在崇政殿呢,我们就游览到这里。
眼前的雄伟建筑呢,就是凤凰楼。它建在3.8米高的青砖台基上,为三层歇山式建筑。它原名翔凤楼,是皇太极休息、宴会和读书之所。我们看到正门上方悬挂的“紫气东来”横匾呢,是由乾隆皇帝手谕的。意思是大清朝国运强盛的福气是从东方的盛京传来的。那么凤凰楼不仅是当时后宫的正门,又是当时盛京城的最高建筑,所以有“凤楼晓日”之称,并被列为盛京八景之一。传说呀当年站在凤凰楼上就可以看到抚顺城呢。
穿过凤凰楼呢我们来到了一处院落,此处呢就是皇太极的后宫所在。我们正面的是皇太极的中宫“清宁宫”。它原名正宫,是沈阳故宫中最具满族住宅特色的建筑。我们可以看到它的门呢开在靠东的一侧。形如口袋,所以称为“口袋房”。东一间呢是皇太极和孝端文皇后博尔济吉特氏的寝宫,又称暖阁。寝宫分为南北两室,各有火炕又称龙床。1643年,皇太极就在这里‘端坐无疾而终’,终年52岁,后葬于昭陵。那么在东侧第二间的窗下呢,设有两口大锅,它是用来干什么的呢?我来解释一下,这两口锅是用来祭祀的。满族人信奉萨满教。人们将热酒灌进猪的耳朵,如果猪耳朵有晃动即表示神灵已经接收该祭品。如果不动,则表示神灵不满意,则本次祭祀活动不能在进行下去了。那么猪由于受到刺激就会摇头,满族人认为此时的猪已经通神,成为连接天地的媒介。于是呢就将猪宰杀后洗干净,切成大块,放入北侧的两口大锅里清水煮熟,那煮熟的肉呢就饿放入木槽中供奉给神灵享用,然后再分给参加祭祀的人们,称为“吃福肉”,满族人相信吃了福肉,福气就会降临到每个人的身上。
那么我们现在来到西一侧的房间,西侧呢三间通连,北、西、南三面搭成相连的环炕,称为“万字炕”,这里既是皇帝举行内宫便宴之处,也是满族巫人萨满为皇帝和国家祈神的地方。
清宁宫与汉族建筑不同的地方还在于它的烟囱建在屋后,而且是从地面向上垒起的。一会我们在绕道后面看这个烟囱。清宁宫的这种“口袋房,万字炕,烟囱建在地面上”的建筑特点具有满族特有的民族风格。
我们出了清宁宫呢,大家看到的这其他四座寝宫分别是:关雎宫、麟趾宫、衍庆宫、永福宫。我们下面逐一参观。
关雎宫是皇太极一生中最宠爱的宸妃——海兰珠的寝宫。海兰珠是中宫皇后的亲侄女,永福宫庄妃的亲姐姐。海兰珠嫁皇太极时已经26岁,但皇太极却对海兰珠有着很深的感情。海兰珠由于亲生的八皇子早逝,终日郁郁寡欢,在崇德六年病逝。在他死后两年,皇太极也去世了,据说皇太极的早逝与两年前宸妃的病逝有着密切的关系。
这是衍庆宫,是皇太极淑妃的寝宫,其女,被皇太极嫁给多尔衮为妻
这是麟趾宫,是皇太极贵妃娜木钟的寝宫,其子博果尔曾在皇太极死后成为福临皇位的最大竞争者。后成为朝中重臣。
我们最后来看看皇太极后妃中地位最低的永福宫。永福宫是庄妃博尔济吉特氏的宫室。若论及对清政权的影响,庄妃的作用远远超过了其她四位后妃,被后人评价为清朝历史上最有作为的后妃。庄妃也是中宫皇后的亲侄女,关雎宫海兰珠的亲妹妹。庄妃以其卓越的政治才能,辅佐了三位皇帝成就大清的基业。康熙二十六年,庄妃病逝,享年75岁。成为清朝后宫中寿禄最长的女人。
大家看,在庭院的西南角立着的红色木杆称为索伦杆,木杆顶端有锡斗。满族人称它为“神杆”。它是用来喂养乌鸦的。那么游客们是不是会疑问,为什么满族要祭祀乌鸦呢?其实这于一个关于乌鸦的传说有关。满族的先祖有一次在被仇家追杀时,曾绝望的躺在地上,这时恰巧一群乌鸦落在他的身上。仇家经过此地,认为乌鸦是不会在有活人的地方停留的,就这样满族的祖先得救了。后来满族人为报答乌鸦救祖先一命的恩德,开始供奉乌鸦,祭祀的时候把猪的内脏放到锡斗里来供养乌鸦。
现在呢,我们看到的就是在清宁宫后的这根烟囱,也是当年沈阳城内唯一的一根烟囱。寓意“一统江山”。大家数一下烟囱有多少层?……对一共有十一层,我告诉大家在十一层上面还有三块砖。那么这怎么讲哪?问大家一个小问题:清朝有多少位皇帝,又有多少位是寿终正寝的?……对清朝一共有12为皇帝。其中11位寿终正寝。末代皇帝溥仪只做了三年的皇帝。正好和这十一层零三块砖“一统江山”吻合。
好了,朋友们沈阳故宫我就为大家介绍到这里,希望我的讲解能给大家留下深刻的印象。现在大家可以自由活动30分钟,30分钟之后,我们在正门集合。
关于沈阳科技馆调研心得体会和方法九
清昭陵现为国家重点文物保护单位,并于20xx年7月1日与沈阳故宫、沈阳福陵和抚顺永陵,经第28届世界遗产委员会会议表决通过,正式列入世界遗产名录。
昭陵始建于清崇德八年(1643年)至顺治八年(1651年)基本建成,后历经多次改建和增修而呈现现在的规模。陵寝建筑的平面布局遵循“前朝后寝”的陵寝原则自南向北由前、中、后三个部分组成,其主体建筑都建在中轴线上,两侧对称排列,系仿自明朝皇陵而又具有满族陵寝的特点。
昭陵全陵占地18万平方米,共分三大部分。由南至北依次为:前部,从下马碑到正红门,包括华表、石狮、石牌坊、更衣厅、宰牲厅。;中部,从正红门到方城,包括华表、石象生、碑楼和祭祀用房。;后部,是方城、月牙城和宝城,这是陵寝的主体。
方城正门称为隆恩门,上有门楼。方城四角有角楼。方城内有隆恩殿、东西配殿、东西晾果房和焚帛亭。隆恩殿后面有二柱门、石五供和券洞门,券洞顶端是大明楼。方城之后是月牙城和宝清昭陵城,在宝城中心,上为宝顶,下为地宫。宝城后面是隆业山,登山俯视,陵园风光可尽收眼底。
游昭陵时,先游前部。前部在缭墙外,参道两侧有华表、石狮、更衣亭等,而正中是牌楼。牌楼是前部主体建筑,系青石建成,四柱三层,雕刻得玲珑剔透,精美无双,为罕见的艺术珍品。游罢牌楼,即可至正红门,这是游中部的开始。正红门为缭墙的正南门,层楼高耸,十分庄严,而其两翼所装饰的五色琉璃蟠龙壁,因造形生动,更引人注目。正红门内的参道两旁,有华表、石兽和大望柱,它们两两相对。既整饬又肃穆。石兽中最值得欣赏的是"大白"和"小白"。这两匹石马形象逼真,栩栩若生,据说是以墓主生前最爱骑的两匹骏马为原型雕琢而成。欣赏罢石马,即可至碑亭。碑亭与正红门相对,为颂扬墓主而建,里面所竖碑称"昭陵神功圣德碑"。
出碑亭即至隆恩门。隆恩门是方城的正南门,与碑亭相对。方城为后部,它建造得如同城池一般,位于缭墙,仿佛是城中之城。游方城先要游隆恩殿。隆恩殿居于方城中心,前有隆恩门,后有明楼,左右有配殿,四隅有角楼,犹如众星拱月一般,故显得异常雄伟。隆恩殿以雕刻精美的花岗清昭陵岩台阶为底座,以金光闪闪的黄琉璃瓦为屋顶,再加上画栋雕梁、金匾红墙,故又显得异常华丽。
参观罢隆恩殿,经过明楼,即可至宝城。宝城在方城北端,为月牙形。宝城又称宝顶,其下即地宫,安置着墓主夫妇的棺椁和陪葬品。登上宝顶,向四下一望,绿树环合,景色清幽,宛若置身于城市山林中,一种恬适之感油然而生。现在昭陵已辟为北陵公园。
昭陵的另一特色是漫漫数里的古松群。现存古松二千余棵,松龄达三百多年,摇曳挺拔,参天敝日。这些苍翠的陵松在金瓦红墙中构成昭陵又一壮丽景观,其中的“神树”、“凤凰树”、“夫妻树”、“姐妹树”、“龟树”等更是别具特色。
民国十六年五月(1920xx年),以陵寝为中心辟为“北陵公园”,如今占地面积330万平方米。其总体规划是以陵寝为中心,分陵寝、陵前和陵后三部分。园内的自然景观千姿百态,五彩缤纷,其中芳秀园是北陵公园的园中园,总面积4万平方米,种植了近200种植物,四季分呈,各具特色。初春樱花盛开,满园飘香;盛夏荷花竞放,柳浪闻莺;深秋满山红叶,层林尽染;寒冬银装素裹,苍松挺拔。纵观整个园林,春有花,夏有阴,秋有果,冬有青,奇花异石,小桥流水,颇有江南之秀。园内建筑与景观巧妙结合,用中国传统园林建筑艺术将自然美和人工美合为一体,构成了一幅天然画卷,吸引大量的中外游客来此参观。北陵公园拥有30万平方米的人工湖水面,夏天碧波荡漾,柳岸成荫,乘坐脚踏船、快艇观光游玩,泛舟湖上,别有一番情趣。
clear zhaoling now for the national key cultural relics protection unit, and on july 1, 20xx and the imperial palace in shenyang, shenyang fu mausoleum and fushun ling, after a vote by the 28th world heritage committee meeting, on the world heritage list.
zhaoling mausoleum was built in the qing chong de eight years (1643 years) to shunzhi eight years (1651 years) basic completion, after repeated after rebuilding and labour market and the size of the present now. mausoleum building layout follow lay after the "power" of the catacombs principle from south to north by the before, during and after the three parts, the main buildings are built on the central axis, symmetrically arranged on both sides, is imitated from the tomb of the ming dynasty and has the characteristics of the manchu mausoleum.
zhaoling mausoleum all covers an area of 180000 square meters, is pided into three parts. from south to north in the order: the front, from the horse monuments to the red door, including huabiao, stone lions, stone arches, change clothes, slaughter hall hall. ; the middle, from the red door to mahjong layout, including huabiao, stone animal, stone floor, and sacrifice to occupancy. ; back, is a mahjong layout, crescent city and city, this is the body of the mausoleum.
mahjong layout called long gate, main entrance on the gate house. mahjong layout has four corners watchtower. mahjong layout inside the long house, things peidian peidian, things dry fruit room and burn silks. long behind the surface there are two columns and door, five for david and vouchers, coupons hole at the top is daming. after mahjong layout is the crescent city and baoqing zhaoling city, in the city, to treasure top, for dungeons. treasure mountain city is long behind industry, mountain climbing, cemetery landscape panoramic view.
the front of zhaoling swim, swim first. front sheet wall, went on both sides of the pavilion have huabiao, shishi, change clothes, etc., and the middle is arched. arch is the front of the main body construction, bluestone, four pillars three layers, carving exquisite, elegant, is a rare art treasures. swim alone arched, then to red gate, this is the beginning of the tour in central. is red door for sheet wall is the south gate, storeys tall, very solemn, and its two wings adornment coloured glaze is panlong wall, because of the shape and vivid, more conspicuous. is red and went up on both sides of the door, huabiao, stone and large column, they two relatively. slash and solemn. the beast is the most admirable in "white" and "white". the two stone horse horse image lifelike, as if, in love ride two horses were alive as the prototype carve. appreciate the stone horse ", then to the pavilion. pavilion and was relatively red door, to celebrate were built, inside the vertical tablet called "zhaoling alkaloids in san de tablet".
the pavilion is to long. long the door is mahjong layout is the south gate, as opposed to a pavilion. mahjong layout for the back, as it has built the city, is located in the sheet wall, asing if is a city within a city. to travel to swim long temple city first. long temple in mahjong layout center, and have long before the door, after the ming building, about peidian peidian, four corner has turrets, like month, so it was extremely ambitious. with beautifully carved granite qing long temple zhaoling is base rock steps, with golden yellow glazed tile roof, coupled with the painted carved beams, jinbian red walls, so it is extremely magnificent.
visit long temple ", after the ming building, you can treasure. treasure city in the northern end of the mahjong layout, as crescent. city is also called the treasure treasure top, namely dungeons underneath, and placed the coffins were couples and interred. , looking on treasure top, looked round, green trees and cyclization, beautiful scenery, like the trees in the city, a ease feeling arises spontaneously. now zhaoling has warded zhao mausoleum park.
another feature of zhaoling is boundless example in several groups. existing ancient pine trees more than two thousand, more than three hundred years old, tall and straight, swaying towering our day. these green ling loose in its golden tiles zhaoling and composed a magnificent landscape, one of the "making", "flame", "husband and wife tree", "sisters" trees, "turtle tree" is distinctive, etc.
sixteen years of the republic of china (1927) in may, bi is "zhao mausoleum park" for the center with mausoleum, now covers an area of 3.3 million square meters. centered on the overall planning of tomb, tomb, lingqian and ling after three parts. campus beautiful natural scenery, colorful, aromatic show garden is the yuanzhongyuan zhao mausoleum park, a total area of 40000 square meters, planted nearly 200 kinds of plants, four points are, each has its own characteristics. early spring cherry blossom in full bloom, garden fragrance; a new summer lotus, the willows; late autumn full mountain red leaves, cenglinjinran; winter snow mountains, pine and forceful. across the garden, spring flowers, summer has yin, autumn fruit, winter green, strange flowers, stone bridges, there is quite a show of jiangnan. campus architecture and landscape clever union, with chinese traditional garden architecture combines natural beauty and artificial beauty as a whole, constitute a natural landscape, attract a large number of tourists to visit. zhao mausoleum park has 300000 square meters of artificial lake water, rippling in summer, life in suzhou as the shadow, a pedal boat, the boat for sightseeing, boating on the lake, don't have a taste.
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